IC chipset is a small size that the computer is like a "traffic cop" on the main board (motherboard), directs the flow of data and determine what devices are supported by a Personal Computer (PC). A chipset directs the data from the CPU to the chipset. While the chipset is divided into two major components namely, Northbridge and Southbridge. Northbridge memory set Chace, Main Memory, Host Bus and PCI expansion slot. While Soutbridge set ISA Bus, and the bridge between the ISA Bus and PCI Bus, regulate and control the I / O ports and an IDE slot. The chipset also determines the speed of the front-side bus, memory bus and bus graphics, as well as the capacity and type of memory supported motherboard. Besides that, the chipset directs the flow of data through the PCI bus, IDE drives and I / O ports and IDE standards also specify the type of ports supported by the system.

Processor

Processor is often referred to as the brain and the central control computer which is supported by other components. Processor is an IC that controls the whole course of a computer system and used as a center or brain of the computer that functions to perform calculations and execute tasks. Processor socket located on that has been provided by the motherboard, and can be replaced with another processor provided in accordance with the existing socket on the motherboard. One of the very large effect on computer speed and capacity depending on the type of processor. The processor is a chip that is often called "Microprosessor" which now has reached its size Gigahertz (GHz). The measure is a count of the processor speed in processing the data or information. Brands are more outstanding dipasatan processor is AMD, Apple, VIA Cyrix, IBM, IDT, and Intel. Part of Processors The most important part of the processor is divided into three, namely: Aritcmatics Logical Unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU) Memory Unit (MU) History of microprocessors Starting from here: 1971: 4004 Microprocessor In 1971 comes the first microprocessor Intel 4004 microprocessor is used on the machine Busicom calculator. With this discovery opens the way to incorporate artificial intelligence in inanimate objects. 1972: 8008 Microprocessor In 1972 comes the 8008 microprocessor, a powerful 2-fold from its predecessor the 4004. 1974: 8080 Microprocessor Into the brain of a computer called the Altair, at that time sold about ten thousand in a month 1978: 8086-8088 Microprocessor An important sale in the computer division occurs in products for personal computers made by IBM that uses a processor 8088 which managed to push up the name of intelligence. 1982: 286 Microprocessor Intel 286 or better known by the name of 80 286 is a first processor that can recognize and use the software used for the previous processor. 1985: Intel386 ™ Microprocessor Intel 386 is a processor that has an embedded diprosessor 275,000 transistors which when compared with 4004 has a 100-fold more compared with 4004 1989: Intel486 ™ DX CPU Microprocessor Processor is the first time allows a variety of applications that had been typing the command-command should be just a click only, and has a complex mathematical functions that reduce the workload on the processor. 1993: Intel ® Pentium ® Processor The new generation of processors that can handle different types of data such as voice, sound, handwriting, and photographs. 1995: Intel ® Pentium ® Pro Processor Processor is designed for use on the server and workstation applications, are made to process data quickly, this processor has a 5.5 jt transistors are embedded. 1997: Intel ® Pentium ® II Processor Pentium II processor is an Intel MMX processor that combines specially designed to process video data, audio, and graphics efficiently. There are 7.5 million transistors integrated in it, so with this processor PC users can process a variety of data and use the internet better. 1998: Intel ® Pentium II Xeon ® Processor Processor made for the needs of the application server. Intel's strategy was to fulfill that wish to provide a unique processor for a particular market. 1999: Intel ® Celeron ® Processor Processor Intel Celeron processor is issued as a processor that is intended for users who do not really need a faster processor performance for users who want to build a computer system with a budget (prices) are not too large. Intel Celeron processor has the same shape and formfactor with an Intel Pentium type, but only with the instructions a little more, its L2 cache is smaller, the speed (clock speed) is slower, and cheaper than an Intel processor Pentium type. With this release of the Intel Celeron processor back to a processor for a particular market. 1999: Intel ® Pentium ® III Processor Pentium III processor is a processor with an added 70 new instructions that dramatically enhance the ability of high-level imaging, three-dimensional, streaming audio, and video applications as well as voice recognition. 1999: Intel ® Pentium ® III Xeon ® Processor Intel re-penetrated market of servers and workstations by issuing a series of Pentium III Xeon, but the type that has 70 SIMD command. The advantages of this processor is that it can speed up the processing of information from the system bus to the processor, which also boost performance significantly.

Function of RAM and Specifications

Know Your RAM
RAM (Random Access Memory) is one of the major memories for computers. RAM location is adjacent to the processor. This is important so that data between RAM and processor can be delivered piping properly. The motherboard Diagram Sila articles refer to get a clearer picture.
RAM serves to hold the landing and data to be processed by the processor. RAM is volatile, namely mean data stored by the RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.
As an example of the usefulness of RAM, when you open this blog, your computer's RAM is filled with data describing this blog. However, It was going to disappear from the RAM if the computer is turned off (therefore we need the storage for data storage purposes).

Among the well-known that there is a market RAM is Kingston, Corsair, Hynix, Apacer and others again.

Types of RAM
EDO RAM (Enhanced Data Output RAM)
- Must be installed in pairs
- 1 notch (groove on the foot of RAM)
- Used on older machines (90s)

RAM RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic RAM)
- 232 pin
- No heat sink (typical conditioning systems)
- Must be installed in pairs
- Used on older computers (1999, 2000, ...)

RAM SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM)
- 168pin
- 2 notch
Pace: 100MHz, 133MHz
Kapasiti Maximum: 512MB

DDR RAM (Double Data Rate RAM)
- 184 pin
- A notch
Pace: 266MHz (PC2100), 333MHz (PC2700), 400MHz (PC3200)
Maximum: 1GB (no chip on the front and rear layers of RAM)

DDR II
- 240 pin
- A notch (but differed with DDR, a little hole notch to the left)
Pace: 533MHz (PC4200), 667MHz (PC5300), 800MHz (PC6400)
Maximum Capacity: 2GB

DDR III
- 240 pin
- A notch (but differed with DDR and DDR2, the hole more notch to the left again)
Pace: 1333MHz (PC10666), ...
Kapasiti Maximum: 4GB
* The term SODIMM (Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module) is a RAM for notebook / laptop.
* The term SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module) refers to the old RAM, EDO RAM for example having one foot of RAM our other features active (running). SIMMs have 30 pins or 72 pins. SIMM 30 pin requires 4 pieces of RAM installed on the motherboard when SIMM 72 pin requires at least 2 pieces of RAM installed on the motherboard.
* The term DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) refers to the more recent of SIMM RAM, DDR RAM for example where both the surface of the RAM modules that are active (running). DIMMs have 168 pins (84 x 2) and requires only a simple piece of RAM to operate.
* The term DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM) also have characteristics similar to SDRAM, but it has 184 pins and kelajuannya more worthy than SDRAM.

Graphic card

VGA stands for Video Graphics Accelerator, serves to process data and graphics displayed on a monitor, VGA also has a processor called a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) and requires memory as well.
Nowadays banayk motherboards on the market that use onboard VGA so you do not need to buy another VGA card, this is very helpful to save costs.
the difference between VGA OB (On Board) with a separate VGA with the motherboard are as follows:
OB-VGA does not have its own memory, so use some OB VGA RAM capacity that is in the computer for work, so it will make the performance of RAM to be slow, but now several manufacturers of motherboards has launched a motherboard with VGA OB and has its own memory.

OB-VGA has lower performance when compared to an external VGA, but if your computer is not too used to playing games, especially the latest 3D games that require a larger capacity VGA then you can still  VGA OB you have, now many motherboards with OB VGA that can match and even surpass the performance of an external VGA

OB-shaped smaller VGA to VGA external, it aims to save the cost of manufacture, small size is commonly called the microATX (mATX)

Keyboard

History

The creation of a computer keyboard typewriter inspired by the creation of a basic design created by Christopher Latham in 1868 and heavily marketed in 1877 by the Remington Company. The first computer keyboard adapted from hole punch cards (punch cards) and long-distance delivery technology writing (Teletype). In 1946 the ENIAC computer using a card reader manufacturer's hole (punched card reader) as a tool masukka and output. Although the development of alternative input devices such as mice, touch screens, pen devices, character recognition and voice recognition, the keyboard remains the most flexible and most often used for direct (human) into the computer. Keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on each key and press the button is usually a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols must be pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or sequentially. While the keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or signs (characters), another button or pressing buttons simultaneously can produce actions or computer commands. In normal use, the keyboard is used for entering text and numbers into a word processor editor, text or other programs. In a modern computer, the interpretation is generally left to the software. A computer keyboard distinguishes each physical key from every other and report all keystrokes to control the software. Keyboard is also used for computer games, either with regular keyboards or keyboard that uses special gaming features, which can speed up a key combination that is often used. A keyboard is also used to give commands to the computer's operating system, such as Ctrl-Alt-Delete in Windows, which provides computer task window closes. This is the only way to enter commands on the command line interface.


Types

One of the factors that determine the size of the keyboard is the existence of duplicate keys, such as a separate numeric keyboard, for convenience. In addition, the size of the keyboard depending on the extent to which the system is used to generate action by a combination of buttons simultaneously or the following (with modifier keys), unique or pressing a few buttons. A keyboard with a button called keypad. Another factor that determines the size of the keyboard is the size and spacing of buttons. The reduction is limited by practical considerations that the key must be large enough to be easily pressed with a finger. Or tool used to press a small button.

Standards
Standard alphanumeric keyboard full-travel keys are found in the centers of three-fourths inch (19.05 mm 0.750 inch) and has a travel lock at least 0.150 inches (3.81 mm). Computer keyboard desk, like a traditional keyboard made in the United States or 101-key Windows keyboard 104 keys, including alphabetic characters, numbers and punctuation marks, and various function keys. International keyboard keys are generally 102/105 key has the "shift" on the left are smaller and additional buttons with some symbols in between that and his letters to the right (usually Z or Y). Also usually the "Enter" which is usually shaped differently. Computer keyboard is similar to an electric typewriter keyboard, but contain additional keys. Standard USB keyboard can also be connected to some non-desktop devices.

Size of Laptop
Keyboard on laptop and notebooks usually have a shorter distance to a keystroke and a set of small buttons. This keyboard has no numeric keypad and function keys are placed in a location different from the standard placement in full-size keyboard.

Size of Thumb
Has introduced a small keyboard for laptops (especially nettops), PDAs, smart phones or users who have limited work space. A chording keyer allows multiple keys pressed simultaneously. For example, GKO keyboard is designed for small wireless devices. Another alternative to the two hands which serves to control the game, like AlphaGrip is also used as a means of entering data and text. A "thumb board" (modified) is used in some digital helper such as the Palm Treo and BlackBerry, and some Ultra-Mobile PCs like the OQO. Numeric keypad only contain numbers, mathematical symbols for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, decimal point, and some function keys. The keypad is often used to facilitate data entry with smaller keyboard with no numeric keypad, usually on the laptop. This button is known as the numeric keypad or numeric, and can consist of other types of buttons: • arithmetic operators such as +, -, *, / • Figures 0-9 • • Arrow keys cursor navigation keys, such as Home, End, PgUp, PgDown, and others. • Num Lock key, used to enable or disable the numeric keys • The Enter key

Printer

Printer is a tool that displays the data in printed form, either text or images / graphics, on paper. Printers are usually divided into several sections, namely penggetil (picker) as a means of taking the paper from the tray (tray). Is a place to put the paper tray. Ink or ink powder (toner) is a real printer, because there is something called ink or ink powder that is used for writing / printing on paper. The difference ink and ink powder is the difference in the system; ink powder or laser needed to warm up, while the ink or ink spray does not need heating, cleaning only the upstream printer (print-head) is. print on paper, fabric, glass, white films, ebonite, etc.. There is also a flexible cable for signal transmission from the processor to the printer ink or ink powder. These cables are thin and flexible, yet powerful. On the back of the printer there are usually parallel or USB plug for connecting to a computer. Printer modem is a powerful tool. Perkakasan electronics contained in a printer with electronic perkakasan contained within the computer itself. Printer has six types, namely types of Dot-Matrix, Daisy Wheel type, type of Ink-Jet / Bubble Jet type, chain type, the type and the type of Laser Drum.

ENIAC

It has often considered the first general purpose electronic computer, but this title actually belongs to the German Z3 computer. It is also related to the Colossus, which was used to decipher German code during World War II and destroyed after use to avoid leaving evidence, being recently refurbished to a British museum. It was totally digital, that is, processes and operations executed by machine-language instructions, unlike other contemporary computing machines analog processes. Presented to the public on 15 February 1946.
The ENIAC was built at the University of Pennsylvania by John Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly, occupied an area of ​​167 m² and operated a total of 17,468 electronic valves or vacuum tubes, which in turn allowed for about 5000 additions and 300 multiplications second. Physically, ENIAC had 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, 1,500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and solder 5 million. It weighed 27 tons, measuring 2.4 mx 0.9 mx 30 m; 1500 using electromagnetic switches and relays, manual operation required about 6,000 switches, and software program or when required modifications, delayed weeks of manual installation.
The ENIAC local temperature rose to 50 ° C. For the various operations had to be changed, connect and reconnect the cable as it was, at that time in telephone exchanges, hence the concept. This work could take several days depending on the calculation to be performed.
One of the myths surrounding this device is that the city of Philadelphia, where he was installed, was suffering from blackouts when the ENIAC came into operation, the consumption was 160 kW.
At 2345 of October 2, 1955, the ENIAC was turned off forever.

Super Computer

Supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in the process of capacity, particularlyspeed of calculation, at the beginning of its introduction. Supercomputers introduced in the 1960s, designed by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), led the market in the 1970s until Cray quit to form his own company, Cray Research.
He then took the supercomputer market with its design, the overall supercomputer leaderfor 25 years (1965-1990). In the 1980s several small competitors entering the market,which along with the creation of a mini computer in the previous decade. Today, thesupercomputer market is held by IBM and HP, although Cray Inc.. still specialize in the manufacture of supercomputers.

Building Gaming Rig

About once every 9–12 months, when major changes to the best PC hardware become available, we spec out our recommended ExtremeTech Killer Gaming Rig. The idea is simple—make you salivate over a really high-end rig that costs more than a decent used car.
Okay, the goal is a little more broad than that. Not only is this recommended configuration a good starting point for building your own uber-machine (perhaps stepping down a step or two on a couple of key components to lower the cost), but it's also a great way to see where the industry is.
Our goal isn't to simply throw money at the problem. We avoid building a system that might push the thermal envelope too hard, or that requires a kilowatt power supply. What we want is a highly reliable, high performance rig that will run any game on the market at high detail levels, without being a noisy beast that can heat a small house.
Building a super-rig is expensive to say the least. Our system last May cost over $6,000 for the base system, and about $1,900 for monitor and peripherals. We managed to bring the price down quite a bit this year, with a core system under $4,500 (the other stuff still pushes that $2,000 mark, but the equipment is better). Still, that's a huge chunk of change. What kind of monster can you build for six grand? 

Massively multiplayer online role-playing game

Massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) is a genre of computer role-playing games in which a very large number of players interact with one another within a virtual game world.

As in all RPGs, players assume the role of a character (often in a fantasy world) and take control over many of that character's actions. MMORPGs are distinguished from single-player or small multi-player RPGs by the number of players, and by the game's persistent world, usually hosted by the game's publisher, which continues to exist and evolve while the player is away from the game. This is often referred to as being offline.

MMORPGs are played throughout the world. Worldwide revenues for MMORPGs exceeded half a billion dollars in 2005, and Western revenues exceeded US$1 billion in 2006. In 2008, Western consumer spending on subscription MMOGs grew to $1.4 billion. World of Warcraft, a popular MMORPG, had over 12 million subscribers as of October, 2010.


In nearly all MMORPGs, the development of the player's character is a primary goal. Many MMORPGs feature a character progression system in which players earn experience points for their actions and use those points to reach character "levels", which makes them better at whatever they do. Traditionally, combat with monsters and completing quests for NPCs, either alone or in groups, are the primary ways to earn experience points. The accumulation of wealth (including combat-useful items) is also a way to progress in many MMORPGs, and again, this is traditionally best accomplished via combat. The cycle produced by these conditions, combat leading to new items allowing for more combat with no change in gameplay, is sometimes pejoratively referred to as the level treadmill, or 'grinding'. The role-playing game Progress Quest was created as a parody of this trend.

Also, traditional in the genre is the eventual demand on players to team up with others in order to progress at the optimal rate. This sometimes forces players to change their real-world schedules in order to "keep up" within the game-world.

Gaming Rig

A gaming computer (also gaming PC, gaming machine and gaming rig) is a personal computer that is capable of playing computationally demanding video games. Gaming computers are very similar to conventional PCs, with the main difference being the addition of a performance-oriented video card. Gaming computers are often associated with enthusiast computing due to an overlap in interests. However, while a gaming PC is built to achieve performance for actual gameplay, enthusiast PCs are built to maximize performance, using games as a benchmark. The difference between the two carries a large discrepancy in the cost of the system. Whereas enthusiast PCs are high-end by definition, gaming PCs can be subdivided into low-end, mid-range, and high-end segments. Contrary to the popular misconception that PC gaming is inextricably tied to high-priced enthusiast computing, video card manufacturers earn the bulk of their revenue from their low-end and mid-range offerings.
Because of the large variety of parts that can go into a computer built to play video games, gaming computers are typically custom-made, rather than pre-assembled, either by gaming and hardware enthusiasts or by companies such as Alienware, Performance Personal Computers, VoodooPC, LanSlide Gaming PCs and Origin PC that specialize in producing custom gaming machines. In order to generate interest, gaming computer manufacturers that sell complete systems often produce boutique models, allowing them to compete on aesthetic design in addition to the hardware inside.

Internet gaming

Internet games use the cyber world technology for playing. Games are extremely popular and constantly evolving.